Dollar holds gains on reassuring data, euro slips

The dollar held gains against the euro on Thursday, pulling the European common currency back from a seven-month peak, after U.S. economic data eased fears of a recession risk and dampened expectations for aggressive interest-rate cuts.

U.S. retail sales rose more than expected in July, a sign that demand is not collapsing and could prompt financial markets to dial back expectations for a 50 basis points rate cut next month.

Additionally, fewer Americans than expected filed for unemployment benefits, suggesting an orderly labor market slowdown remained in place, though laid-off workers are finding it a bit difficult to land new jobs.

The European common currency fell 0.3% versus the dollar at $1.0977. It reached $1.10475, its highest level this year, on Wednesday, as markets digested U.S. inflation numbers.

The dollar index rose 0.42% to 103.03, and moved away from the eight-month low of 102.15 touched last week.

“The data this morning goes counter to the recent market narrative of a Fed that is drastically behind the curve and would have to deliver jumbo rate cuts to avert a recession,” said Peter Vassallo, FX portfolio manager at BNP Paribas Asset Management. “Market pricing has adjusted accordingly, and short-term U.S. rates have risen significantly on the day.”

The pound was up 0.17% at $1.2849, as data showed Britain’s economy grew 0.6% in the second quarter, in line with economists’ expectations and building on a rapid 0.7% recovery in the first quarter of the year.

The pound also strengthened on the euro, which dipped 0.53% to 85.38 pence.

Thursday’s U.S. data follow Wednesday’s release of the consumer price index, which rose moderately in July, in line with expectations, and the annual increase in inflation slowed to below 3% for the first time since early 2021.

The figures add to the mild increase in producer prices in July in suggesting that inflation is on a downward trend, although traders now think the Fed will not be as aggressive on rate cuts as they had hoped.

“This morning’s data absolutely crushed remaining bets on a half percentage-point move at the Federal Reserve’s September meeting,” said Karl Schamotta, chief market strategist at Corpay.

“Fear of a ‘hard landing’ in the U.S. economy has been almost fully unwound,” he said, “and Fed officials are seen responding with a more cautious start to the easing cycle.”

Markets are now pricing in a 74.5% chance of a 25 bps cut next month and a 25.5% chance of a 50 bps reduction, the CME FedWatch tool showed. Traders were evenly split at the start of the week between the two cut options following last week’s sell-off.

The yen was at 149.13 per dollar, inching away from the seven-month high of 141.675 per dollar touched during last week’s market mayhem and well beyond the 38-year lows of 161.96 it was rooted to at the start of July.